{"id":463,"date":"2025-05-30T10:59:36","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T08:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/?p=463"},"modified":"2025-05-30T12:25:22","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T10:25:22","slug":"terapia-s-dietatom-doma-motorika-ruky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/terapia-s-dietatom-doma-motorika-ruky\/","title":{"rendered":"Terapia s die\u0165a\u0165om doma \u2013 motorika ruky"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ako efekt\u00edvne vies\u0165 terapiu s die\u0165a\u0165om doma? Motorika ruky \u2013 pr\u00edprava die\u0165a\u0165a na p\u00edsanie.
Cie\u013eom terapie ruky je rozv\u00edja\u0165 jemn\u00fa motoriku, teda manu\u00e1lne zru\u010dnosti die\u0165a\u0165a, a zlep\u0161i\u0165 presn\u00e9 pohyby. Terapia zah\u0155\u0148a pohyblivos\u0165 lopatiek a k\u013abov horn\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn, ako aj normaliz\u00e1ciu svalov\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia. V z\u00e1vislosti od pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch por\u00fach pracujeme na posilnen\u00ed svalovej sily horn\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn, stimulujeme hlbok\u00e9 a povrchov\u00e9 c\u00edtenie, zdokona\u013eujeme \u00fachop, zrakovo-pohybov\u00fa kontrolu a koordin\u00e1ciu oboch r\u00fak.
Ruka je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho tela a iba v spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee spr\u00e1vne plni\u0165 svoje funkcie. Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby sme po\u010das cvi\u010den\u00ed zlep\u0161ovali jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasti ruky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 rozv\u00edjali povedomie a vn\u00edmanie cel\u00e9ho tela.
Na za\u010diatku by sa cvi\u010denia mali zamera\u0165 na ramenn\u00fd pletenec a horn\u00e9 kon\u010datiny, potom rozv\u00edjame pr\u00e1cu ruky, prstov a nakoniec zav\u00e1dzame grafomotorick\u00e9 cvi\u010denia.
Terapia ruky u die\u0165a\u0165a mus\u00ed by\u0165 premyslen\u00e1 a komplexn\u00e1. Pr\u00e1ca s p\u00edsac\u00edm n\u00e1strojom je a\u017e jej poslednou f\u00e1zou. Predt\u00fdm mus\u00ed die\u0165a prejs\u0165 viacer\u00fdmi pr\u00edpravn\u00fdmi etapami, aby bolo pripraven\u00e9 na p\u00edsanie do linajkovan\u00e9ho zo\u0161ita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Terapia s die\u0165a\u0165om doma \u2013 cvi\u010denia ur\u010den\u00e9 pre:<\/strong>
\u2022 deti, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa probl\u00e9my so zav\u00e4zovan\u00edm \u0161n\u00farok, zap\u00ednan\u00edm gomb\u00edkov, navliekan\u00edm kor\u00e1lok, ukladan\u00edm drobn\u00fdch predmetov,
\u2022 deti, ktor\u00e9 kreslia nepresn\u00e9 vzory, nerady strihaj\u00fa, kreslia, modeluj\u00fa, ich kresby p\u00f4sobia neupravene,
\u2022 deti, ktor\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161u neforemn\u00e9, hranat\u00e9, nepresn\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1 r\u00f4znej ve\u013ekosti, vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face z liniek, s nerovnomern\u00fdmi spojeniami medzi p\u00edsmenami, s r\u00f4znym sklonom p\u00edsmen a nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi medzerami medzi nimi, ich p\u00edsmo je \u0165a\u017eko \u010ditate\u013en\u00e9, tempo p\u00edsania pomal\u00e9, a maj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti udr\u017ea\u0165 krok s ostatn\u00fdmi de\u0165mi,
\u2022 deti, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti s jazdou na bicykli, kolobe\u017eke, st\u00e1t\u00edm na jednej nohe, vyzna\u010duj\u00fa sa celkovou pohybovou neobratnos\u0165ou a slabou koordin\u00e1ciou,
\u2022 deti, ktor\u00e9 pri pr\u00e1ci za stolom zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa nespr\u00e1vne dr\u017eanie tela alebo maj\u00fa probl\u00e9m ho udr\u017ea\u0165,
\u2022 deti, ktor\u00e9 nespr\u00e1vne dr\u017eia p\u00edsacie n\u00e1stroje \u2013 bu\u010f ich st\u00edskaj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 silno, alebo dr\u017eia pr\u00edli\u0161 slabo,
\u2022 deti, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 pomaly alebo naopak pr\u00edli\u0161 r\u00fdchlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161etky aktivity navrhovan\u00e9 po\u010das terapie musia by\u0165 primerane prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 \u00farovni manu\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed die\u0165a\u0165a a jeho kognit\u00edvnemu fungovaniu. Hodiny by mali by\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 a veden\u00e9 hravou formou \u2013 vtedy s\u00fa naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hry na rozvoj motoriky r\u00fak a cvi\u010denia horn\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn:<\/strong>
\u2022 m\u00e1vanie rukami hore a dopredu: h\u00e1dzanie lopty, papierov\u00fdch gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dok;
\u2022 m\u00e1vanie rukami hore a dole: let vt\u00e1ka, lietadla;
\u2022 m\u00e1vanie rukami do str\u00e1n: zbieranie predmetov do ko\u0161\u00edka;
\u2022 m\u00e1vanie spojen\u00fdmi rukami: drevoruba\u010d;
\u2022 zdvihanie r\u00fak hore: \u0161umiace stromy, zbieranie hviezdi\u010diek;
\u2022 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie r\u00fak do str\u00e1n: slne\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de;
\u2022 m\u00e1vanie pokr\u010den\u00fdmi rukami v lak\u0165och: dirigovanie;
\u2022 kreslenie kruhov rukami vo vzduchu;
\u2022 sp\u00e1janie r\u00fak nad hlavou: \u010diapka \u0161kriatka;
\u2022 sp\u00e1janie r\u00fak pred sebou: \u0161\u00edp;
\u2022 sp\u00e1janie r\u00fak dla\u0148ami: ako na spanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terapia s die\u0165a\u0165om doma, cvi\u010denia na ruky<\/mark><\/a>:<\/strong>
\u2022 tla\u010denie dla\u0148ami na st\u00f4l;
\u2022 tlieskanie, trenie dlan\u00ed o seba;
\u2022 hladenie \u2013 pos\u00favanie jednej dlane po druhej;
\u2022 udieranie p\u00e4s\u0165ami o st\u00f4l s r\u00f4znou intenzitou;
\u2022 hladenie materi\u00e1lov s r\u00f4znou text\u00farou;
\u2022 kr\u00fa\u017eenie prstami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cvi\u010denia prstov:<\/strong>
\u2022 k\u00fdvanie prstami \u2013 l\u00fa\u010denie sa;
\u2022 napodob\u0148ovanie hry na klav\u00edri, tr\u00fabke;
\u2022 \u0165ukanie prstami: kvapky da\u017e\u010fa dopadaj\u00face na st\u00f4l, zobanie zrniek sliepkami;
\u2022 vys\u00favanie prstov z p\u00e4ste \u2013 po\u010d\u00edtanie;
\u2022 preh\u0155\u0148anie prstami;
\u2022 zdokona\u013eovanie pinzetov\u00e9ho \u00fachopu [ukazov\u00e1k a palec]: napodob\u0148ovanie solenia, trhanie, prevracanie str\u00e1n v knihe, pres\u00favanie alebo zbieranie drobn\u00fdch predmetov, prip\u00ednanie \u0161tipcov;
\u2022 prepletanie prstov: ko\u0161\u00ed\u010dek, kr\u00fa\u017eenie prepleten\u00fdmi z\u00e1p\u00e4stiami;
\u2022 tvorenie hm\u00f4t (plastel\u00edna, cesto), zapichovanie kor\u00e1lok, gomb\u00edkov, farebn\u00fdch kamienkov;
\u2022 n\u00e1vliekanie kor\u00e1likov;
\u2022 prevlieka\u010dky;
\u2022 trhanie papiera;
\u2022 vytl\u00e1\u010danie plastel\u00edny z plastov\u00fdch flia\u0161;
\u2022 skladanie mozaiky z drobn\u00fdch dielikov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 ma\u013eovanie (z\u013eava doprava alebo zhora nadol) v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch h\u00e1rkov papiera pomocou \u0161tetca;
\u2022 ma\u013eovanie prstami (odpor\u00fa\u010dame \u0161peci\u00e1lne, bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 farby na ma\u013eovanie prstami).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grafomotorick\u00e9 cvi\u010denia:<\/strong>
\u2022 kreslenie hrub\u00fdmi, m\u00e4kk\u00fdmi voskovkami;
\u2022 sledovanie vzorov prstom z\u013eava doprava, zhora nadol, kreslenie vodorovn\u00fdch a zvisl\u00fdch \u010diar, vyfarbovanie v kont\u00farach, kreslenie obl\u00fakov;
\u2022 n\u00e1cvik sp\u00e1jania vyzna\u010den\u00fdch bodov na papieri pomocou \u010diar; (pri t\u00fdchto dvoch cvi\u010deniach V\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 didaktick\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky<\/mark><\/a> ako farebn\u00e9 vzory)
\u2022 \u0165ukanie rytmu fixkou [vzor vo forme bodiek pripom\u00ednaj\u00facich sneh, kreslenie da\u017e\u010fa, kruhov];
\u2022 dopl\u0148ovanie obkreslenej siluety die\u0165a\u0165a, dokres\u013eovanie vlasov, o\u010d\u00ed, nosa, u\u0161\u00ed, vyfarbovanie oble\u010denia a pod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: M. Walkowiak, klinick\u00fd logop\u00e9d, terapeut senzorickej integr\u00e1cie, \u0161peci\u00e1lny pedag\u00f3g.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ako efekt\u00edvne vies\u0165 terapiu s die\u0165a\u0165om doma? Motorika ruky \u2013 pr\u00edprava die\u0165a\u0165a na p\u00edsanie.Cie\u013eom terapie ruky je rozv\u00edja\u0165 jemn\u00fa motoriku,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zakladne-skoly","comments-off"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=463"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":470,"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions\/470"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/insgraf.sk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}